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What did the Fourteenth Amendment primarily address?

  1. Freedom of speech.

  2. Rights of citizenship and equal protection.

  3. The abolition of slavery.

  4. Voting rights for women.

The correct answer is: Rights of citizenship and equal protection.

The Fourteenth Amendment, ratified in 1868, primarily addressed the rights of citizenship and equal protection under the law. It was a significant component of the Reconstruction Amendments, aimed at ensuring that all persons born or naturalized in the United States were granted citizenship, which included former slaves following the Civil War. One of the key features of the Fourteenth Amendment is the Equal Protection Clause, which mandates that individuals in similar conditions be treated equally under the law, thereby laying the groundwork for civil rights advancements and legal protections against discrimination. The other choices focus on different aspects of American rights and citizenship. Freedom of speech is primarily protected by the First Amendment, while the abolition of slavery is addressed through the Thirteenth Amendment. Voting rights for women are covered by the Nineteenth Amendment. The Fourteenth Amendment's specific emphasis on citizenship rights and equal protection makes it a cornerstone of civil rights legislation and jurisprudence in the United States.